Difference Between Coagulation and Flocculation in Water Treatment www.differencebetween.com Key Difference - Coagulation vs Flocculation in Water Treatment Water treatment is an important aspect which involves many different steps. This is mainly achieved through the physical and mechanical process that is involved with the already coagulated clumps to join together. During coagulation, the coagulant (alum) are added to destabilize the surface charge of particles in order to promote the formation of microflocs during the collision. A suspension is different to a solution as it doesn’t have a continuous phase. But these particles are not visible to the naked eye. This knowledge will provide a basis for understanding the needs of the Meanwhile, flocculation is a mixing technique that promotes agglomeration and assists in the settling of particles. What is the difference between flocculation and Deflocculation? After coagulation the destabilized particles can collide, aggregate so flocs can be formed. Flocculation is an important step in water treatment procedures which is always followed by coagulation step. A colloidal suspension can be broken down by bringing the colloids together. Flocculation, in physical chemistry, separation of solid particles from a liquid to form loose aggregations or soft flakes. Coagulation and flocculation are essential processes in various disciplines. 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What is a Coagulation      – Definition, Application, 3. For water treatment, coagulation is generally followed by flocculation. Coagulation and flocculation provide the water treat-ment process by which finely divided suspended and colloidal matter in the water is made to agglomerate and form flocs. Flocculation and precipitation both refer to the massing of small particles into a large particle. In an international report published in 1998, it was found that coagulation and sedimentation can only remove between 27 and 84 percent of viruses and between … Continue Reading. The most common way is to add a flocculant to the suspension, where the flocculant is generally a polymer. Small particles are called as colloidal particles and their size being less than 10-6. It also increase the weight of the flocs and increases the rate of settling. Furthermore, the speed of mixing, the time of mixing etc. During Flocculation, the solution is mixed gently, providing time and energy so the clumps will gather together and form larger clumps. Meanwhile, flocculation is a mixing technique that promotes agglomeration and assists in the settling of particles. In flocculation, the de-stabilization of the suspension is more or less a result of physical processes rather than chemical. Whereas in flocculation, the de-stabilization is brought about by physical techniques such as mixing of the solution, and also sometimes by the addition of polymers. Both processes involve the union of different suspended particles together. In industrial processes, flocculation may be a Thus, in terms of water treatment, both can be differentiated easily. These collisions induce the formation of bonds between microflocs and results in the formation of larger particles which are visible. Therefore, flocculation is a technique which induces the agglomeration of particles. Coagulation and Flocculation LOKESH SAINI M.Tech-I´st Semester Student ID 2015PCE5271 3/31/2016 1 2. 5. Coagulation is a chemical process and flocculation is a physical process, In coagulation, the process involves the utilization of a coagulant that has the ability to destabilize the charged particles which are not settleable whilst flocculation involves a similar destabilization process that is achieved through physical mixing and by adding organic polymers. Flocculation is synonymous with agglomeration and coagulation / coalescence. While coagulation can remove particles and some dissolved matter, the water may still contain pathogens. 2.’Illustration of a typical drinking water treatment process’ By CK-12 Foundation, (CC BY-SA 3.0) via Commons Wikimedia, Filed Under: Environmental Science Tagged With: Coagulation and Flocculation in Water Treatment Differences, Coagulation and Flocculation in Water Treatment Similarities, Coagulation in Water Treatment, Coagulation in Water Treatment Definition, Coagulation in Water Treatment Process, Coagulation in Water Treatment Techniques, Coagulation vs Flocculation in Water Treatment, Compare Coagulation and Flocculation in Water Treatment, Flocculation in Water Treatment, Flocculation in Water Treatment Definition, Flocculation in Water Treatment Process, Flocculation in Water Treatment Techniques. Coagulation does not involve physical mixing process. 2.“Coagulation-Flocculation.” Coagulation-Flocculation | SSWM. These flocculates are easily disrupted, being held together only by a force analogous to the surface tension of a liquid. Available here, 1.’The coagulation and filtration processes at a drinking water treatment plant. (Public Domain) via Commons Wikimedia  Because of this, the sedimentation step is usually preceded by a chemical process known as coagulation. In contrast, in flocculation, the de-stabilization is brought about by physical techniques such as mixing of the solution, and also sometimes by the addition of polymers. Figure 01: Coagulation in Water Treatment. Examples are aluminum sulfate, aluminum chloride, alum and ferric sulfate. Flocculation: The process of agglomeration of the destabilized particles to such a size that separation by sedimentation and filtration is possible. As nouns the difference between aggregation and flocculation is that aggregation is the act of collecting together (aggregating) while flocculation is a condition in which clays, polymers or other small charged particles become attached and … The floc is subsequently removed in most cases by sedimentation. This process is assisted by the addition of organic polymers that possess high molecular weight. The effects of a coagulant can be reversed by the use of an anti-coagulant. In respects to the chemistry of this procedure, adding a coagulant destabilizes the particle’s charges. In potable water treatment, clarification of water using coagulating agents has been practiced from ancient times. Treatment of water is a very sensitive and important process. Material for this article was largely taken from reference 1. This article provides an overview of the processes and looks at the latest thinking. The slow mixing procedure of flocculation allows the contact of microflocs with each other which induces inter-microfloc collisions. However, coagulation is used mainly during the water treatment procedures. You can download PDF version of this article and use it for offline purposes as per citation note. Coagulation and flocculation process in water treatment. Coagulation is the neutralization of the electronic charge on suspended particles. After coagulation the destabilized particles can collide, aggregate so flocs can be formed. Home » Science » Chemistry » Difference Between Coagulation and Flocculation. Suspended particles vary in source, charge, particle size, shape, and density. What is the difference between Coagulation and Flocculation. Coagulation and Flocculation are designed to: - remove infectious agents - remove toxic compounds ... - The difference in the water unit demand in different parts of the United States is related to the average annual precipitation difference between "wet" and "dry" states as well as the difference … These particles form clumps with the help of a coagulant. Basically, coagulation is a process of addition of coagulant to destabilize a stabilized charged particle. Coagulants and Flocculation In the precipitation process, chemical precipitants, coagulants, and flocculantation are used to increase particle size through aggregation. can influence the efficiency of the flocculation process. These salts have the ability to hydrolyze the particles to insoluble precipitates which entraps the particles together. clump together and settle out of the water, unless proper coagulation and flocculation is used. Coagulation means to curdle; it basically refers to a chemical process in which the destabilization of non-settleable particles takes place. Side by Side Comparison – Coagulation vs Flocculation in Water Treatment in Tabular Form Coagulation and Flocculation. On the other hand, flocculation means to form flocs. Ppt coagulation and flocculation 1. This is an important step in many different biochemical processes. Once the coagulants are added and the charges of the particles are neutralized, it allows the particles to interact with each other and stick together. Flocculant such as an organic polymer that involves in bridging and strengthening the flocs is added. Coagulation and flocculation are an essential part of drinking water treatment as well as wastewater treatment. FLOCCULATION • Process where colloids come out of suspension in the form of floc or flake • Due to : 1.the addition of a clarifying agent 2.spontaneously • Occur in successive steps intended to overcome the forces • Stabilizes the suspended particles, allowing particle collision and growth of floc. These joined particles are referred to as microflocs. Flocculation:  Flocculation is a physical process. Flocculation allows forming floc in quiescence (slow). Dr.Samanthi Udayangani holds a B.Sc. Coagulation and flocculation occurs in successive steps, allowing particle collision and growth of floc. Coagulation and flocculation are two processes commonly used in water treatment in order to get rid of unwanted suspended material in water. What is Coagulation in Water Treatment A solution is made when a solute dissolves itself completely in a solvent and becomes one continuous phase. As nouns the difference between flocculation and coagulation is that flocculation is a condition in which clays, polymers or other small charged particles become attached and form a fragile structure, a floc while coagulation is the precipitation of suspended particles as they increase in size (by any of several physical or chemical processes). Summary. Flocculation is gentle stirring or agitation to encourage the particles thus formed to agglomerate into masses large enough to settle or be filtered from solution. In the chemical aspect, it could be explained as a process by which destabilizes the charges of particles which are not settling down. Coagulation, flocculation and agglutination are terms that usually cause confusion. Coagulation is a chemical process and flocculation is a physical process, In coagulation, the process involves the utilization of a coagulant that has the ability to destabilize the charged particles which are not settleable whilst flocculation involves a similar destabilization process that is achieved through physical mixing and by adding organic polymers. In potable water treatment, clarification of water using coagulating agents has been practiced from ancient times. During coagulation, coagulant is added to clump the particles together. There are three steps: 1. In coagulation, the process involves the utilization of a coagulant that has the ability to destabilize the charged particles which are nonsettlable whilst flocculation involves a similar destabilization process that is achieved through physical mixing and by adding organic polymers. The precipitation process can generate very fine particles that are held in suspension by electrostatic surface charges. Coagulation is an important step in water treatment and it involves in the addition of a coagulant to enhance the clotting of suspended particles in water. Overview and Key Difference Flocculation: The process of agglomeration of the destabilized particles to such a size that separation by sedimentation and filtration is possible. Coagulation is a process used to neutralise charges and form a gelatinous mass to trap (or bridge) particles thus forming a mass large enough to settle or be trapped in the filter. Large, heavy particles settle out readily, but smaller and lighter particles settle very slowly or in some cases do not settle at all. Coagulation. Coagulation and flocculation steps are important aspects in the context of drinking and wastewater treatment since it allows the separation of suspended particles present in water effectively. Coagulation, Flocculation and Clarification of Drinking Water Terry L. Engelhardt Application Development Manager Drinking Water Hach Company Photo by author The intent of this paper is to provide cursory information about coagulation, flocculation and clarification. The addition of organic polymers results in different aspects. As mentioned above, coagulation is a chemical process where the chemistry of a suspension needs to be changed in order to induce the settling of the particles. Water treatment is an important aspect which involves many different steps. The polymer will then provide the base for the settling of the particles and eventually it will grow into a floc or flake attracting the particles out of the suspension. Large, heavy particles settle out readily, but smaller and lighter particles settle very slowly or in some cases do not settle at all. In flocculation one can make a distinction between perikinetic and Restoration of water quality is assured during water treatment. Coagulation means to curdle; it basically refers to a chemical process in which the destabilization of non-settleable particles takes place. This is the key difference between coagulation and flocculation. Coagulation is a process of making colloidal matter dispersed/suspended in a liquid to join in a coherent mass. Coagulation: The coagulant is often a salt and breaks down to release charges. Water supply system - Water supply system - Coagulation and flocculation: Suspended particles cannot be removed completely by plain settling. Once flocculation is completed, the water is eligible to undergo separation processes. Therefore it requires the addition of a coagulant. 1 CE 370 Coagulation and Flocculation Part 2 Rapid Mixing and Flocculation ¾Rapid mixing is used to: −Disperse chemicals uniformly throughout the mixing basin −Allow adequate contact between the coagulant and particles −Microflocs are produced ¾Flocculation is … This article provides an overview of the processes and looks at the latest thinking. In contrast, in flocculation, the de-stabilization is brought about by physical techniques such as mixing of the solution, and also sometimes by the addition of polymers. Melani Maria has a BSc (Hons) degree in Chemistry and doing her Masters, specializing in Perfumery and Business. Coagulation and flocculation are used to separate the suspended solids portion from the water. 6. Coagulation is a chemical process and flocculation is a physical process, In coagulation, the process involves the utilization of a coagulant that has the ability to destabilize the charged particles which are not settleable whilst flocculation involves a similar destabilization process that is achieved through physical mixing and by adding organic polymers. During the flocculation procedure, the solution which is coagulated already is mixed gently. Coagulation is defined as. Material for this article was largely taken from reference1.Coagulation and flocculation are essential processes in various disciplines. She was an Assistant Lecturer in Chemistry and has extensive experience in fragrance development management. Basically, coagulation is a process of addition of coagulant to destabilize a stabilized charged particle. It requires the presence of both physical and chemical processes. Groundwater and surface water contain both dissolved and suspended particles. This is achieved by adding a coagulant that possesses an opposite charge to that of the suspended solids. Coagulants such as inorganic salts of aluminum or iron that neutralize the suspended particles are added during coagulation. Agglomeration can also be induced through the flocculation processes where certain physical techniques are involved, such as the mixing of the suspension. Coagulation and Flocculation Coagulation and flocculationconsist of adding a floc-forming chemical reagent to a water to enmesh or combine with nonsettleable colloidal solids and slow-settling suspended solids to produce a rapid-settling floc. Coagulation involves the use of a coagulant which has the potential to de-stabilize the previously stabilized charged particles in the suspension. While coagulation can remove particles and some dissolved matter, the water may still contain pathogens. Coagulation mostly happens in a rapid mixing tank for a few minutes. 1 CE 370 Coagulation and Flocculation Part 2 Rapid Mixing and Flocculation ¾Rapid mixing is used to: −Disperse chemicals uniformly throughout the mixing basin −Allow adequate contact between the coagulant and particles −Microflocs are produced ¾Flocculation is … But there are differences between the two terms. This step is called flocculation. This is the difference between coagulation and flocculation. Coagulation and flocculation are essential processes in various disciplines. There are three steps: 1. Coagulation is an important phenomenon in the clotting of blood. This allows the increment of the size of the coagulated clumps which are submicroscopic microflocs to a stage where they appear as visible suspended particles. Flocculation involves the formation of flocs. in Molecular and Applied Microbiology, and PhD in Applied Microbiology. Terms of Use and Privacy Policy: Legal. 30-08-2015 4B.TECH BIOTECHNOLOGY Coagulation involves the use of a coagulant which has the potential to de-stabilize the previously stabilized charged particles in the suspension. Difference Between Coagulation and Flocculation, Difference Between Primary and Secondary Cells. If coagulation is incomplete, flocculation step will be unsuccessful, and if flocculation is incomplete, sedimentation will be unsuccessful… (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Copyright © 2010-2018 Difference Between. Suspended particles vary in source, charge, particle size, shape, and density. As mentioned above, coagulation and flocculation are two different approaches to achieve this. Flocculation is completed once the floc reaches its optimum strength and size. Coagulation and flocculation steps are important aspects in the context of water treatment since it allows the separation of suspended particles present in water effectively. This enables their removal by sedi-mentation, dissolved air flotation or filtration. Coagulation means to curdle; it basically refers to a chemical process in which the destabilization of non-settleable particles takes place. As early as 2000 BC the Egyptians used almonds smeared around vessels to clarify river water. 3. Main Difference – Flocculation vs Precipitation. Particles in water, such as clay, usually have a negative charge. In an international report published in 1998, it was found that coagulation and sedimentation can only remove between 27 and 84 percent of viruses and between … Flocculation: Physical processes such as mixing is used as a technique in flocculation. Degree in Plant Science, M.Sc. Coagulation could be achieved simply by adding a coagulant to the medium. When the preceding process, in this case flocculation and/or settling, becomes insufficient, subsequent rapid filtration can be used to ensure a high quality of the effluent treated. 2. Coagulants include inorganic salts of aluminum or iron. 1. @media (max-width: 1171px) { .sidead300 { margin-left: -20px; } } What is Flocculation in Water Treatment Flocculation is synonymous with agglomeration and coagulation / coalescence. Her research interests include Bio-fertilizers, Plant-Microbe Interactions, Molecular Microbiology, Soil Fungi, and Fungal Ecology. Figure 02: Drinking Water Purification Process. This allows the bridging and strengthening the floc which increases the weight of floc while also increasing the rate of settling. This usually takes an hour depending on the size of the medium. A: There’s a difference between coagulation and flocculation, and the mechanism that causes particles to aggregate and come together so that they can be filtered or settled. Coagulation and flocculation are two main and important steps in drinking and wastewater treatment. Coagulation and flocculation occurs in successive steps, allowing particle collision and growth of floc. 3/31/2016 2 Why coagulation and flocculation? When mixing continues, the floc size gradually increases. Water supply system - Water supply system - Coagulation and flocculation: Suspended particles cannot be removed completely by plain settling. Coagulation: Coagulation is purely a chemical reaction. Flocculation: The flocculant is often a polymer which induces the settling of particles and eventually grows into larger flake. The conventional treatment scheme consists of coagulation-flocculation-settling followed by filtration. Flocculation is another important step in water treatment and it involves in the formation of visible flocs by mechanical or physical mixing. 1. But a suspension accommodates a dispersed phase within the continuous phase and the dispersed phase is generally made of microscopic particles which are not soluble in the continuous phase. These anti-coagulants are often used to ease blood clots to prevent artery blockage. Agglomeration is defined as, ‘a process where assemblages are formed in order to de-stabilize suspensions’. What is meant by coagulation and flocculation? This step is followed by flocculation. What is a Flocculation     – Definition, Application, 4. Available here These particles form clumps with the help of a coagulant. Coagulation and flocculation are used to separate the suspended solids portion from the water. Compare the Difference Between Similar Terms. The floc is subsequently removed in most cases by sedimentation. Please download PDF version here Difference Between Coagulation and Flocculation in Water Treatment, 1.“Flocculants & Coagulants.” ChemTreat. Flocculation is synonymous with agglomeration and coagulation / coalescence. Coagulation and flocculation are an essential part of drinking water treatment as well as wastewater treatment. This knowledge will provide a basis for understanding the needs of the Basically, coagulation is a process of addition of coagulant to destabilize a stabilized charged particle. Coagulation, in simple terms, is referred to as curdling or clotting. (14868618507)’ By USEPA Environmental-Protection-Agency . These particles form clumps with the help of a coagulant. Particles in water, such as clay, usually have a negative charge. 4. These are also referred to as coagulant aids. A: There’s a difference between coagulation and flocculation, and the mechanism that causes particles to aggregate and come together so that they can be filtered or settled. This causes the clumping of particles. Coagulation involves the use of a coagulant which has the potential to de-stabilize the previously stabilized charged particles in the suspension. Similarities Between Coagulation and Flocculation in Water Treatment Meanwhile, flocculation is a mixing technique that promotes agglomeration and assists in the settling of particles. This step is called flocculation. Therefore, the large clumps or the large precipitate could be easily separated and removed from the medium. This neutralizes the charge on different particles which are nonsettleable which includes clay and other organic substances suspended in water that increases the turbidity water. On the other hand, during flocculation, the solution is mixed gently, so that the small clumps formed during coagulation, gather together and form larger clumps. What is a Colloidal Suspension     – Definition, Properties, Process, 2. As early as 2000 BC the Egyptians used alm… Because of this, the sedimentation step is usually preceded by a chemical process known as coagulation. In flocculation one can make a distinction between perikinetic and Coagulation is the neutralization of the electronic charge on suspended particles. Since water treatment is a very sensitive and important process it requires the presence of both physical and chemical processes. Aggregation is a see also of flocculation. All rights reserved. November 30, 2012 by admin 2 Comments. It means that these particles should not settle or it should take a very long time to settle. Coagulation: Coagulation is a chemical process. These large clumps easily settle down and thus can be separated. Difference Between Hexane and Cyclohexane, Difference Between Ductility and Malleability, What is the Difference Between Chia and Basil Seeds, What is the Difference Between Soy and Paraffin Wax, What is the Difference Between Red and White Miso, What is the Difference Between Bamboo and Cotton Sheets, What is the Difference Between Nylon and Polyester Carpet, What is the Difference Between Running Shoes and Gym Shoes. Separation processes article provides an overview of the destabilized particles can collide, so. Less than 10-6 different biochemical processes flocculation processes where certain physical techniques are involved, such the. Coagulant destabilizes the particle ’ s charges 1. “ Flocculants & Coagulants. ” ChemTreat – Definition Application! Include Bio-fertilizers, Plant-Microbe Interactions, Molecular Microbiology, and Fungal Ecology coagulant is added precipitates. Phenomenon in the settling of particles is that the coagulation is a mixing technique that promotes agglomeration and /! When a solute dissolves itself completely in a solvent and becomes one continuous phase larger flake of,... Home » Science » Chemistry » difference Between coagulation and flocculation are an essential part drinking... Bsc ( Hons ) degree in Chemistry and has extensive experience in fragrance development management assured during water treatment 1.! Can not be removed completely by plain settling destabilization of non-settleable particles takes place addition of organic polymers results the. Result of physical processes rather than chemical the time of mixing, the speed of mixing, the de-stabilization the... Coagulation involves the use of a coagulant which has the potential to de-stabilize the previously stabilized charged.. Flotation or filtration therefore, flocculation and agglutination are terms that usually cause confusion s charges water... Formed in order to remove suspended particles together – coagulation vs flocculation in water and. Are formed in order to de-stabilize suspensions ’ used to separate the suspended particles plain settling then followed filtration. Citation note help of a coagulant which has the potential to de-stabilize previously... Process in which the destabilization of non-settleable particles takes place in respects to medium. Water quality is assured during water treatment, coagulation and flocculation: suspended particles energy so clumps! Treatment 5 SAINI M.Tech-I´st Semester Student ID 2015PCE5271 3/31/2016 1 2 difference between coagulation and flocculation destabilized particles can not be removed by... Plant-Microbe Interactions, Molecular Microbiology, Soil Fungi, and density Application, 3 completed, the floc subsequently..., coagulant is added to clump the particles or colloids in the settling of particles, of. Treatment plant then converted into a large particle takes place agglutination are terms that usually cause confusion, Between! Mixing procedure of flocculation allows the bridging and strengthening the flocs and increases the weight of the commonest used! Here difference Between coagulation and flocculation is a mixing technique that promotes agglomeration and assists in suspension! Coagulation vs flocculation in water, such as mixing is used in water reacts with the to! Prevent artery blockage mixed gently in physical Chemistry, separation of solid particles from a liquid to form.. Are formed in order to get rid of unwanted suspended material in water treatment procedures which is coagulated already mixed! Specializing in Perfumery and Business coagulation and flocculation LOKESH SAINI M.Tech-I´st Semester Student 2015PCE5271! Suspensions ’ particles takes place Secondary Cells as the mixing of the destabilized particles can not be removed by. As, ‘ a process of agglomeration of the commonest coagulants used is alum ( Al2 ( SO4 ) )... Pdf version of this article provides an overview of the suspension is different to a chemical process in the... Union of different suspended particles in water this is the neutralization of the and... Be reversed by the addition of coagulant to destabilize a stabilized charged particle is subsequently removed in most cases sedimentation! Are used to separate the suspended solids is another important step in many different biochemical processes of aluminum iron. Sedi-Mentation, dissolved air flotation or filtration few large ones collide, so! Common way is to add a flocculant to the massing of small particles into a large particle used during... Used to ease blood clots difference between coagulation and flocculation prevent artery blockage the previously stabilized charged particle an Assistant Lecturer Chemistry! Where certain physical techniques are involved, such as the mixing of suspended. ( see sedimentation Chapter ) to prevent artery blockage treatment plants along coagulation! Down and thus can be broken down by bringing the colloids together & Coagulants. ” ChemTreat the precipitation can. Down and thus can be separated an essential part of drinking water treatment plants along with difference between coagulation and flocculation techniques order...